How Much Does Physical Condition Affect Volleyball Technique? A Case Study of High School Students in Padang City

Abstract

This study aims to identify the influence of physical condition on volleyball technique mastery among players
at Padang State High School. The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between various
physical components such as leg muscle strength, arm muscle strength, agility, hand-eye coordination,
flexibility, and aerobic endurance on basic volleyball techniques such as underhand passing, overhand
passing, smashing, and overhand serving. Physical condition measurements were conducted using the
vertical jump test, two-hand medicine ball put, Illinois Agility Test, tennis ball throw and catch test, flexibility
test using a flexiometer, and the bleep test. The basic volleyball techniques measured included underhand
passing, overhand passing, spiking (also known as smashing), and overhand serving. The research involved
30 volleyball players, selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling
(SEM). The results showed significant correlations between physical conditions and volleyball techniques,
particularly in underhand and overhand passing. However, physical conditions had a weaker influence on
smashing and overhand serving. The SEM analysis revealed that flexibility, leg muscle power, and agility
significantly contributed to better technique execution, with hand-eye coordination having a minor influence.
The findings suggest that physical conditions, particularly leg muscle power, flexibility, and agility, play a
significant role in mastering basic volleyball techniques. It is recommended that coaches develop training
programs that integrate physical conditioning with technical skill development to optimize player
performance.