RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR CHILDREN FACING THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Keywords:
criminal justice system, diversity, socio – cultural context, resilience, minorsAbstract
Juvenile delinquency as an antisocial phenomenon
is characterized by features and specific notes of the age
category as well as by personality characteristics within a
particular socio-economic and cultural framework.
Juvenile antisocial manifestations should be understood by
taking into account the conjugate (perspective of multiple
causality) of individual psychological, social, cultural
factors.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the socio-cultural
diversity within the criminal justice system as protective or
risk factors for the resilience of youth delinquents.
The educational and residential climate in which the minors
live marks significant differences between resilient and nonresilient
minors. Resilient adolescents live in a positive
emotional climate and are immersed in a non-conflictual
environment, cohesion, in which their autonomy and
openness are improved. At the same time, their educational
climate pleads for the value of success and promotes stable
religious values.
References
Fraser, M., Kirby, L.D., and Smokowski, P.R. (2004). Risk and resilience in
childhood in M. Fraser, Risk and Resilience in Childhood: An
Ecological Perspective, 2nd ed Washington, DC: NASW Press.
Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T. I., Farrington, D. P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R. F.,
& Harachi, T. W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In
R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile
offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 106-146).
Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.
Howell, J. C. (1997). Juvenile justice & youth violence. Thousand Oaks, CA.:
Sage.
Leone, P.E., Mayer, M. J., Malmgren, K., Misel, S.M. (2000). School violence
and disruption: Rhetoric, reality, and reasonable balance. Focus on
Exceptional Children, 33, 1-20.
Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (1998). Predictors of violent or serious
delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: A synthesis of
longitudinal research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious
and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 86-105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Masten, A. S., & Obradovic, J. (2006). Competence and resilience in
development. New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, pp. 13-27.
McKnight, L.R., and Loper, A.B. (2002). The effect of risk and resilience
factors on the prediction of delinquency in adolescent girls. School
Psychology International, 23(2), pp.186–198.
Petcu, M. (1999) . Delincvenţa- Repere psihosociale. Cluj- Napoca: Editura
Dacia.
Pourtois, J., Humbeek, B., Desmet, H., (2012), Les resources de la resilience,
Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
Smokowski, P.R. (1998). Prevention and intervention strategies for promoting
resilience in disadvantaged children. Social Service Review, 72(3),
pp.337–364.
Snyder S. M., Merritt D.H. (2014). Do childhood experiences of neglect affect
delinquency among child welfare involved-youth? Children and Youth
Services Review, pp. 64–71.
Ungar, M., Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing Resilience Across Cultures Using
Mixed Methods: Construction of the Child and Youth Resilience
Measure, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5 (2), pp. 126-149.
Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and
cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 81, pp. 1-17.
Wright, M.O., Masten, A.S. (2005). Resilience process in development in S.
Goldstein & R. Brooks, Handbook of Resilience in Children. New York:
Kluwer Academic pp. 17–37.
